Wind turbine blade with modular leading edge

ABSTRACT

A wind turbine blade has a leading edge and a trailing edge and includes an upper shell member and a lower shell member. The shell members include transversely spaced attachment edge that are spaced rearward of the leading edge. A preformed bond cap having opposite legs with rearward edges is mounted to the attachment edges of the upper and lower shell members. The bond cap is preformed into an aerodynamic parabolic shape and size so as to define the leading edge of said blade and lie essentially flush with the upper and lower shell members. The bond cap defines a primary external bonding bridge between the upper and lower shell members and defines at least a portion of the leading edge of the blade.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to the field of wind turbines,and more particularly to turbine blades having an improved leading edgeconfiguration.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Turbine blades are the primary elements of wind turbines for convertingwind energy into electrical energy. The blades have the cross-sectionalprofile of an airfoil such that, during operation, air flows over theblade producing a pressure difference between the sides. Consequently, alift force, which is directed from a pressure side towards a suctionside, acts on the blade. The lift force generates torque on the mainrotor shaft, which is geared to a generator for producing electricity.

The turbine blades typically consist of a suction side shell and apressure side shell that are bonded together at bond lines along thetrailing and leading edges of the blade. The bond lines are generallyformed by applying a suitable bonding paste or compound along the bondline with a minimum designed bond width between the shell members. Thesebonding lines are a critical design constraint of the blades. Asignificant number of turbine blade field failures are bond linerelated, particularly leading edge failures. Separation of the bond linealong the leading edge of an operational turbine blade can result in acatastrophic failure and damage to the wind turbine.

In addition, the leading edge bonding process is a challenging and timeconsuming task. Application of the bond paste to achieve the requiredbonding thickness and width is difficult. Post-bond trimming of theleading edge to remove excess bond paste, trim reinforcement material,and so forth, is a time consuming and expensive finishing operation.Even after the trimming process, it is often necessary to performsubsequent edge repairs/modifications before the blade is field-ready.For example, if they occur, any leading edge “overbite” or “underbite”defects must be corrected. These overbite and underbite defects are theresult of chord-wise misalignment between the upper and lower shellmembers.

Conventional leading edge bond configurations are also highlysusceptible to erosion in the field, which results in costly andexpensive field repairs.

U.S. Patent Application Pub. No. 2007/0036659 proposes a wind turbineblade construction wherein the shell components are joined at theleading and trailing edges and one or more front covers formed into ashape corresponding to the structure of the shell components are adheredto the shell components along the leading edge. This construction isalleged to reduce the “after-treatments” typically required after theshell components are joined, such as filling of the shell joints,scratches, cavities, and the like, with gel coat of other fillermaterials, as well as grinding and polishing of the leading edge.

U.S. Pat. No. 7,637,721 describes a trailing edge cap intended to beplaced over the designed trailing edge of a wind turbine blade in orderto reduce noise generated at the trailing edge. The cap has aconfiguration so as to extend well past the original trailing edge ofthe blade and to define a reduced trailing edge thickness as compared tothe original trailing edge. The cap is flexible and is designed toconform to a variety of differently sized and shaped turbine blades.Although this trailing edge cap may provide reduced noise benefits, itdoes not address structural bonding issues associated with the trailingedge.

Accordingly, the industry would benefit from an improved bondconfiguration for a wind turbine blade that is cost effective, timeefficient, and produces an improved structural bond, particularly alongthe leading edge of the wind turbine blade.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in thefollowing description, or may be obvious from the description, or may belearned through practice of the invention.

In accordance with aspects of the invention, a wind turbine blade isprovided with a leading edge and a trailing edge. The blade includes anupper shell member and a lower shell member, with each of the shellmembers having a forward attachment edge spaced rearward of the leadingedge. A preformed bond cap has opposite legs with rearward edges of thelegs mounted to the attachment edges of the upper and lower shellmembers. The bond cap is preformed into an aerodynamic parabolic shapeand size so as to define the leading edge of the blade and lieessentially flush with the upper and lower shell members. The bond capthus defines a primary external bonding bridge between the upper andlower shell members and defines at least a portion of the leading edgeof the blade.

In a particular embodiment, an internal structural stiffener is disposedbetween the opposite legs of the bond cap. A structural support wall mayalso extend between the upper and lower shell members adjacent to theattachment edges. This support wall may be a structural element attachedto each of the upper and lower shell members. In an alternateembodiment, the support wall may be a transverse extension of at leastone of the upper and lower shell members joined along a bond line to theother respective shell member.

In certain embodiments, the attachment edges may include recessedsurfaces, with the rearward edges of the bond cap residing within therecessed surfaces so as to be essentially flush with the upper and lowershell members. The rearward edges of the bond cap may be bonded to therecessed surface.

In a different embodiment, the rearward edges of the bond cap areunbonded to the recessed surfaces and a laminate covering is appliedover the bond cap and attachment surfaces and is bonded to the upper andlower shell members.

The bond cap may be variously configured. In one embodiment, the bondcap is a continuous structural member disposed along the leading edge ofthe blade. In a different embodiment, the blade is formed from aplurality of blade segments, with the bond cap being common to andinterconnecting the blade segments. In still a further embodiment, theblade is formed form a plurality of blade segments and a plurality ofthe bond caps are provided, with a respective bond cap bridging adjacentblade segments.

The invention also encompasses a wind turbine having one or more turbineblades configured with the unique bond line configuration describedherein.

These and other features, aspects and advantages of the presentinvention will become better understood with reference to the followingdescription and appended claims. The accompanying drawings, which areincorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrateembodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serveto explain the principles of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including thebest mode thereof, directed to one of ordinary skill in the art is setforth in the specification, which makes reference to the appendedfigures, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a conventional wind turbine;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a wind turbine bladewith a leading edge bond cap in accordance with aspects of theinvention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary wind turbine blade witha leading edge bond cap;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a leadingedge bond cap configuration;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of another embodiment of aleading edge bond cap configuration;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment ofa leading edge bond cap configuration;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of still another embodimentof a leading edge bond cap configuration;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of yet a different embodimentof a leading edge bond cap configuration;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a wind turbine bladewith a leading edge bond; and,

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a windturbine blade with a leading edge bond cap;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Reference now will be made in detail to embodiments of the invention,one or more examples of which are illustrated in the drawings. Eachexample is provided by way of explanation of the invention, notlimitation of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to thoseskilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be madein the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit ofthe invention. For instance, features illustrated or described as partof one embodiment can be used with another embodiment to yield a stillfurther embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the present inventioninclude such modifications and variations as come within the scope ofthe appended claims and their equivalents.

FIG. 1 illustrates a wind turbine 10 of conventional construction. Thewind turbine 10 includes a tower 12 with a nacelle 14 mounted thereon. Aplurality of turbine blades 16 are mounted to a rotor hub 18, which isin turn connected to a main flange that turns a main rotor shaft. Thewind turbine power generation and control components are housed withinthe nacelle 14. The view of FIG. 1 is provided for illustrative purposesonly to place the present invention in an exemplary field of use. Itshould be appreciated that the invention is not limited to anyparticular type of wind turbine configuration.

FIG. 2 is a more detailed view of a wind turbine blade 16. The blade 16includes an upper shell member 20 and a lower shell member 22. The uppershell member 20 may be configured as the suction side surface of theblade 16, while the lower shell member 22 may be configured as thepressure side surface of the blade. The blade 16 includes a leading edge24 and a trailing edge 26, as well as a root portion 28, and a tipportion 30. As is well known in the art, the upper shell member 20, andlower shell member 22 are joined together at the leading edge 24 andtrailing edge 26. The blade 16 includes an internal cavity 25 in whichvarious structural members, such as spar caps 32 and webs 33, areconfigured.

Referring to FIGS. 2 through 4, the shell members 20, 22 include forwardattachment edges 35 that are transversely spaced from each other by atransverse distance 58. The edges 35 are thus also spaced rearward ofthe leading edge 24. These attachment edges 35 define mounting locationsfor a preformed bond cap 34. In particular, the bond cap 34 has oppositelegs 36 with rearward edges 38 that mount to the attachment edges 35.The bond cap 34 is preformed into a parabolic, aerodynamic shape of theleading edge 26. The bond cap 34 may thus be considered as a bondingbridge between the upper and lower shell members 20, 22 that isdesirably flush with the suction side and pressure sides of the blade 16and defines the structural leading edge 24 of the blade. Thus, it shouldbe understood that the bond cap 34 is not a protective covering that isplaced over an existing leading edge of a blade, but is a rigid,structural component that extends from the attachment edges 35 to definethe designed leading edge profile of the blade 16. The bond cap 34defines an external bonding bridge that is the primary seal between theupper and lower shell members 20, 22. The bond cap 34 also eliminatesthe risk of overbite or underbite defects in the blade 16 between theupper and lower shell members 20, 22.

The bond cap 34 may be an original component of a blade 16, or arepair/replacement component that is readily attachable to existingblades in the field. Thus, leading edge blade failures can be correctedwith replacement bond caps 34 without the necessity of replacing theentire blade 16.

The bond cap 34 may be mounted to the upper and lower shell members 20,22 along the attachment edges 35 in various ways. For example, in theembodiments of FIGS. 4, 6, and 7, the attachment edges 35 are formedwith recessed surfaces 48 on which the rearward edges 38 of the bond cap34 are mounted with, for example, a suitable bond paste 50, alongrespective bond lines 37, 39 (FIGS. 2 and 3). The recessed surfaces 48allow for a relatively flush transition from the bond cap 34 to thesuction and pressure sides of the blade 16 so as not to detract from theaerodynamic performance of the blade 16, or generate noise.

It should be appreciated that the term “bond paste” is used herein in ageneric sense to encompass any type of adhesive or bonding material. Theparticular type of bond paste is not particularly relevant to thepresent invention, and any suitable type of epoxy, compound, or othermaterial may be used in this regard.

In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the rearward edges 38 of the bond cap 34are unbonded to the attachment edges 35. A laminate covering 52, such asa fiberglass matting material, is placed over the bond cap 34 andextends over the transition points from the bond cap 34 to the upper andlower shell members 20, 22, as depicted in FIG. 5. This laminatecovering 52 is bonded to the bond cap 34 and the upper and lower shellmembers 20, 22 and secures the bond cap 34 to the shell members. Thisconfiguration may be desired in that it eliminates post-cure steps thatmay be required if bond paste 50 is used between the bond cap 34 andshell members 20, 22 along the bond lines 37, 39.

Any manner of structural support may be provided within the bond cap 34,such as the stiffener element 40 depicted in the figures that extendsbetween the opposite legs 36 of the bond cap. The stiffener element 40may be integrally formed with the bond cap 34, or may comprise a memberthat is separately formed and subsequently bonded to the inner surfacesof the legs 36. The stiffener element 40 may include any manner andconfiguration of internal web components within the bond cap 34.

Any manner of structural support may also be provided within theinternal cavity 25 of the blade 16 generally adjacent to the attachmentedges 35 of the shell members 20, 22. For example, in the embodiment ofFIG. 6, a support wall 42 is disposed between the shell members 20, 22spaced back from the attachment edges 35. In the embodiment of FIG. 7,the support wall 42 is essentially flush with the attachment edges 35such that the edges 35 and support wall 42 define a closed box-likestructure against which the stiffener element 40 of the bond cap 34 ismounted with a bond paste or any other suitable bonding technique.

Still referring to FIG. 7, the support wall 42 may be defined by alateral extension 44 of one or both of the upper and lower shell members20, 22. These extensions may be co-molded with the shell members andbonded at a line 46 so as to define the closed-ended structure depictedin the figure. In an alternate embodiment, only one extension 44 may beprovided, which extends from one of the shell members 20, 22 to theattachment edge 35 of the opposite shell member.

FIG. 8 is an embodiment similar to FIG. 4 in that the attachment edges35 of the upper and lower shell members 20, 22 define a recessed surface48 for attachment of the rearward edges 38 of the bond cap 34. However,in this embodiment, the recessed surfaces 48 are oriented inwardlytowards the internal cavity 25 of the blade and the rearward edges 38define their own recessed surface 49 that attaches to the respectiverecessed surface 48 with bond paste 50. Thus, in this embodiment, therearward edges 38 mount to an internal surface of the upper and lowershell members 20, 22 at the attachment edges 35 yet define a flushexternal joint along the bond lines 37, 39.

The bond cap 34 may take on various shapes and configurations within thescope and spirit of the invention as a function of the desired profileof the leading edge 24 for a particular blade 16. In particularembodiments illustrated for example in FIGS. 2 and 9, the bond cap 34 isa continuous structural member having an open end defined by thediverging legs 36 and extends generally along the entirety of theleading edge 24.

Referring to FIGS. 9 and 109, the turbine blade 16 may be formed from aplurality of blade segments 54, as is known in the art. With this typeof blade configuration, the bond cap 34 may be incorporated in variousways. For example, referring to the embodiment of FIG. 9, the bond cap34 may be a single member that is common to and bridges multiple ones(or all) of the blade segments 54. With this embodiment, the individualblade segments 54 are not provided with individual bond caps and, afterassembly of the segments 54 into a blade, the single bond cap 34 may beattached to define the leading edge 24 of the blade 16, as discussedabove.

In an alternate embodiment illustrated in FIG. 10, the bond cap 34 isdefined by a plurality of bond cap segments 56 that are longitudinallyaligned at the leading edge 24 of the blade segments 54. Each bladesegment 54 may include its own respective bond cap segment 56.Alternatively, the bond cap segments 56 may be staggered relative to theblade segments 54 such that a bond cap segment 56 bridges adjacent bladesegments 54, as illustrated in FIG. 10.

The present invention also encompasses any configuration of a windturbine 10 (FIG. 1) wherein at least one of the blades 16 is configuredwith the unique advantages of the invention as discussed above.

It should also be appreciated that the bond cap 34 described herein as aleading edge component of the blade 16 may also have utility as atrailing edge component. In other words the bond cap 34 may alternately(or in addition to) be structured as a trailing edge bond cap 34 withthe structure and advantages as described herein. The present inventionencompasses all such trailing edge configurations of the bond cap 34.

While the present subject matter has been described in detail withrespect to specific exemplary embodiments and methods thereof, it willbe appreciated that those skilled in the art, upon attaining anunderstanding of the foregoing, may readily produce alterations to,variations of, and equivalents to such embodiments. Accordingly, thescope of the present disclosure is by way of example rather than by wayof limitation, and the subject disclosure does not preclude inclusion ofsuch modifications, variations and/or additions to the present subjectmatter as would be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.

1. A wind turbine blade with a leading edge and a trailing edge, saidblade comprising: an upper shell member and a lower shell member, eachof said upper shell member and said lower shell member comprising aforward attachment edge, said attachment edges transversely spaced fromeach other and disposed rearward of said leading edge; and, a preformedbond cap having opposite legs with rearward edges mounted to saidattachment edges of said upper and lower shell members, said bond cappreformed into an aerodynamic parabolic shape and size so as to definesaid leading edge of said blade and lie essentially flush with saidupper and lower shell members; wherein said bond cap defines a primaryexternal bonding bridge between said upper and lower shell members anddefines at least a portion of said leading edge of said blade.
 2. Thewind turbine blade as in claim 1, further comprising an internalstructural stiffener between said opposite legs of said bond cap.
 3. Thewind turbine blade as in claim 1, further comprising a structuralsupport wall extending between said upper and lower shell membersadjacent said attachment edges.
 4. The wind turbine blade as in claim 3,wherein said support wall is a structural element attached to each ofsaid upper and lower shell members.
 5. The wind turbine blade as inclaim 3, wherein said support wall comprises a transverse extension ofat least one of said upper and lower shell members joined along a bondline to the other respective said shell member.
 6. The wind turbineblade as in claim 5, further comprising an internal structural stiffenerbetween said opposite legs of said bond cap.
 7. The wind turbine bladeas in claim 1, wherein said attachment edges comprise recessed surfaces,said rearward edges of said bond cap residing within said recessedsurfaces so as to be essentially flush with said upper and lower shellmembers
 8. The wind turbine blade as in claim 7, wherein said attachmentedge recessed surfaces are oriented inwardly towards an internal cavityof said blade, said rearward edges of said bond cap further comprisingan outwardly oriented recessed surface that is bonded to said attachmentedge recessed surface.
 9. The wind turbine blade as in claim 7, whereinsaid rearward edges of said bond cap are unbonded to said recessedsurfaces, and further comprising a laminate covering over said bond capthat extends over said attachment surfaces and is bonded to said upperand lower shell members.
 10. The wind turbine blade as in claim 1,wherein said bond cap comprises a continuous structural member alongsaid leading edge of said blade.
 11. The wind turbine blade as in claim10, wherein said blade comprises a plurality of blade segments, saidbond cap common to and interconnecting said blade segments.
 12. The windturbine blade as in claim 1, wherein said blade comprises a plurality ofblade segments and a plurality of said bond caps, with a respective saidbond cap bridging adjacent said blade segments.
 13. A wind turbine, saidwind turbine comprising a plurality of turbine blades, at least one ofsaid turbine blades comprising: an upper shell member and a lower shellmember, each of said upper shell member and said lower shell membercomprising a forward attachment edge, said attachment edges transverselyspaced from each other and disposed rearward of said leading edge; and,a preformed bond cap having opposite legs with rearward edges mounted tosaid attachment edges of said upper and lower shell members, said bondcap preformed into an aerodynamic parabolic shape and size so as todefine said leading edge of said blade and lie essentially flush withsaid upper and lower shell members; wherein said bond cap defines aprimary external bonding bridge between said upper and lower shellmembers and defines at least a portion of said leading edge of saidblade.
 14. The wind turbine as in claim 13, further comprising astructural support element attached to each of said upper and lowershell members adjacent said attachment edges.
 15. The wind turbine as inclaim 13, wherein said upper and lower shell members are joined at aforward transverse support wall, said support wall comprising atransverse extension of at least one of said upper and lower shellmembers.
 16. The wind turbine as in claim 15, further comprising aninternal structural stiffener between said opposite legs of said bondcap.
 17. The wind turbine as in claim 13, wherein said attachment edgescomprise recessed surfaces, said rearward edges of said bond capresiding within said recessed surfaces so as to be essentially flushwith said upper and lower shell members
 18. The wind turbine as in claim13, wherein said rearward edges of said bond cap are unbonded to saidrecessed surfaces, and further comprising a laminate covering over saidbond cap that extends over said attachment surfaces and is bonded tosaid upper and lower shell members.
 19. The wind turbine as in claim 1,wherein said bond cap comprises a continuous structural member alongsaid leading edge of said blade.
 20. The wind turbine as in claim 1,wherein said blade comprises a plurality of blade segments and aplurality of said bond caps, with a respective said bond cap bridgingadjacent said blade segments.